~ABOUT DATABASES~

Hallo!!!! today we want tell you about databases...

we know you like database...

so, you must know what is databases...

Databases is a collection of integrated data logically related files and record

Need for databases

 ~Individual and organization get advantages to having databases

1. share: in organizations from one department can be readily shared wiyh others.
2. security: user are given passwords or access only to the kind of information they need.
3. less data recundancy: individual department have to create and maintain their own data and recundancy result.
4. data integrity: when there ae multiple sources of data, each resource may have variations.

Database management

This software called databased management system (DBMS) for creating, modifying and gaining access to database.

DBMS consist of five subsystem:

1. DBMS engine provides a bridge between logical and physical data view.
2. Data definition subsystem define the logical structure of a database using a data dictionary or schema.
3. Data manipulation subsystem provides tools for data maintenance and data analysis.tools include query-by-example and structured query language (SQL).
4. Application generation subsystem provides tools for creating data entry form withspecialized programming languages.
5. Data administration subsystem manages the dartabase.database administrations (DBAs) are computer professionals who help define processing right.

so???what you think about database???

that all for today...

see you tomorrow...

bye!!!!

hOw DAta IS OrGaNIzEd?

 

this week is the final exam week

we want to discuss on DATA ORGANIZATION

it is included in IT final exam...

really scared uhhh??

it's okay..

what do you know about DATA ORGANIZATION?

actually...

it is the arrangement of the physical records of a data set

also organized into groups / categories

consists of 5 elements, which are.......

1) CHARACTER

most basic logical data element

it is a...

single letter

or special character...

punctuation marks

symbol

2) FIELD

-known as group related characters

-represents an attributes (description / characteristics) of  some entity( person, place)

e.g : an employee is an entity with many attributes including his/her last name

3) RECORD

-collection of related fields

-collection of attributes that describe an entity

4) TABLE

-collection of related records

5) DATABASE

-an integrated collection of logically related tables

next..

what is key field?

-key field-field/ set of fields of a database (relational database) table which together form a unique identifier for a database record (a table entry)

e.g : IC number, student identification

-known as primary key

last but not least...

what is the differences between Batch & Real-Time Processing?

Batch Processing

data collected over several hours, days/ even weeks

"batch"-processed all at once

e.g: monthly credit card statements

firstly,

you use your credit card to make several purchase throughout the month

 

secondly, 

credit card company records your & all other card holder's purchases

finally,

once a month, credit card company produces monthly statements for each of its card holder

 

Real-Time Processing

-known as online processing

                              -consists of completing things "to order"

e.g: ATM withdrawal

at first,

you request RM 200 withdrawal at ATM

 

next,

ATM immediately sends the electronic request to your bank

then,

 bank processes the request by verifying you have sufficient funds to cover the request

bank determines your account balance is RM 1200

after that,

 bank sends an electronic approval & reduces your account balance by RM 200

lastly,

ATM dispenses RM 200 to you

that's all

good luck for exam!!!

!!! DaTa !!!

Fuusssss...Data beb!!!

In computer science, data is information in a form suitable for use with a computer.Data can exist in a variety of forms -- as numbers or text on pieces of paper, as bits and bytes stored in electronic memory, or as facts stored in a person's mind

 The term data is often used to distinguish binary machine-readable information from textual human-readable information. For example, some applications make a distinction between data files and text data

But not long ago,data was limited to numbers,letters, and symbols recorded by keyboard.Now data includes:

• Audio- captured, interpreted and saved using microphone and voice recognition system.
• Music- just downloaded from internet we can get everything about it.
• Photograph-captured by digital cameras, edited image or software and shared with all.
• Video- captured by digital video cameras, and Tv tuner cards.

Chapter 12 : DATABASES

~iNtRodUcTioN~

hey everyone !

we are now in chapter 12 that is DATABASES.

i know some of you are not clear about databases right?

here the solutions we are serving you

let us give all of you some introduction before we proceed to next subtopics allright?

first and foremost

at glance of sight most of us tought databases is about something that related to data systems right?

yeah you're right!

databases is a system intended to organize, store, and retrieve large amounts of data easily

In computing, databases are sometimes classified according to their organizational approach.

The most prevalent approach is the relational database, a tabular database in which data is defined so that it can be reorganized and accessed in a number of different ways.

A distributed database is one that can be dispersed or replicated among different points in a network.

An object-oriented programming database is one that is congruent with the data defined in object classes and subclasses.

so in other way is all about the data were stored , organize , managed and easily accessed ;)

so take note that friends ! :)

enjoy your reading !

Executive Support Systems (ESS)

ladies and gentleman

FIRSt and FOREmost

Assalamualaikum ANd Salutation ;D

hope you are in a good health

okay !

in this entry we gonna explain you and you and everyone what is actually ESS or in other word is EXECUTIVE SUPPORT SYSTEMS

Executive Support System (ESS) is a reporting tool (software) that allows you to turn your organization's data into useful summarized reports.

or in the SIMPLEST sentence is

supply the necessary tools to senior

management.

so what is the role of ESS??

These reports are generally used by executive level managers for quick access to reports coming from all company levels and departments such as billing, cost accounting , staffing, scheduling, and more.

 its function??

useful to health care organizations.

how??

ESSs permit a firm's top executives to gain direct access to information about the company's performance

example???

The Sutter Home Winery uses mostly external data, including information from the Internet, in its ESS.Itorganizesthe information in order to help executives make decisions based ontrendsinthe marketplace. The information includes data on

competitors and information from market research. Sutter uses its

system output to determine sales forecasts, marketing campaigns,

and investment plans.

get that clear peeps??

so enjoy your study time :)

here for now until next entry ;D

bubuuuuuii~~

Information System Manager

After we had discussed about information systems, I would like to introduce you guys with a career which is related so much with information systems. 

      

It is information system managers who is plans, directs, and/or coordinates activities in areas of electronic data processing, information systems, systems analysis, computer programming, voice and/or data communication systems, security, and disaster recovery.

CAREER IN IT:INFORMATION SYSTEM MANAGER

Hi guys.....who want to be an information system manager????

Here we have guide for you all to follow...

Computer and Information Systems Manager Job Description:

Computer and information systems managers plan, coordinate and direct research, and design the computer-related activities of firms.

Employment Facts for Computer and Information Systems Managers:

Computer and information systems managers held about 293,000 jobs in 2008.

Educational Requirements for Computer and Information Systems Managers:

Some employers require a bachelor's degree for management positions, although many others prefer a graduate degree, specifically a master's degree in business administration (MBA) with technology as a core component.

Other Requirements for Computer and Information Systems Managers:

Computer and information systems managers must possess strong interpersonal, communication, and leadership skills.

Advancement Opportunities for Computer and Information Systems Managers:

Some computer and information systems managers may advance to progressively higher leadership positions in their field.

Job Outlook for Computer and Information Systems Managers:

Employment of computer and information systems managers is expected to grow faster than the average for all occupations through 2018.

How Much Do Computer and Information Systems Managers Earn?:

In 2009, computer and information systems managers earned a median annual salary of $113,720.

A Day in a Computer and Information Systems Manager's Life:

• On a typical day a computer and information systems manager will:
• consult with top management in order to help determine both technical and business goals;
• make detailed plans for the accomplishment of these goals;
• direct the work of systems analysts, computer programmers, support specialists, and other computer-related workers;
• provide the upkeep, maintenance and security of networks;
• assign and review the work of their subordinates;
• Chief technology officers evaluate the newest and most innovative technologies and determine how these can help their organization;
• Management information systems directors manage information systems and computing resources for their entire organization;
• Project managers develop requirements, budgets, and schedules for their firm's information technology projects;
• LAN/WAN (Local Area Network/Wide Area Network) managers design and administer an organization's local area network; they direct the network, and its related computing environment, including hardware, systems software, applications software, and all other computer-related configurations.

if you know about career it information system manager you just click this 
CAREER IT

wHAt Is OThEr InfoRMaTIoN sYStEm?

hello2!!!

is anyone there?

"yes"

okay..

previously..

we have introduced to you guys

about.......

INFORMATION SYSTEM

now we want to get you know more better on this topic

do you know about other information system?

what kind of other information system?

its function???

 here it is....

use to support different individuals & functions

basically-support information workers

they distribute, communicate & create information

2 systems to support information workers:

Office Automation Systems(OASs)

-use of computer system to execute variety of office operations

•   word processing
•   accounting
•   e-mail

-support data workers

-managing documents, communicating & scheduling

Knowledge Work-Systems

 -use OAS systems

-information needs at the knowledge level of organization

-aid knowledge workers

-use the specialized information system-KWSs

-e.g: Computer-Aided Design/ Computer-Aided Manufacturing(CAD/CAM)systems

that's all

byeeeeeeeeeeee!!!

Organizational Information Flow And CBIS

hello peeps~~~

in this entry i would like to give you some information about the Information Flow

the Function?

most organizations have seperate departmens to perform 5 functions that is :

Accounting - Keep track of all financial activities.
Production - Makes company product.
Marketing - Advertises, promotes, ands sells the product.
Human Resources - Finds and hires people and handle personnel matters.
Research - Does product research and relates new discoveries to the firm's current or new products.

Management Levels

There are three management levels in most organizations:

Supervisors
Manage and monitor the employees or workers.
Responsible for operational matters (day-to-day operations).
Example: production supervisor monitors materials needed to build a product.

Middle Management
Deal with control planning, tactical planning, and decision-making.
Implement long-term goals of the organization.
Example: regional sales manager sets sales goals for sales in several states.

Top Management
Concerned with long-range planning (strategic planning)
Need information to help them plan future growth and direction of the organization.
Example: vice president of marketing determines demand for current products and sales strategies for new products.

Information Flow

i.Information must flow in different directions to support the different information needs of management.

ii.Each level of management has different information needs.

1. Strategic Needs of Top-level managers
   1. Information that reveals overall condition of the business in capsule form.
   2. Information from all departments below and from outside the organization.
   3. Information to plan for long-range events.
   4. Example: planning for new facilities
        
2. Tactical Needs of Middle-level managers
   1. Summarized information (weekly or monthly reports).
   2. Information both horizontal and vertical across functional lines within the organization.
   3. Historical, internal information to develop budgets and evaluate performances.
   4. Example: developing production goals, concurring with top-level managers and supervisors
        
3. Operational Needs of Supervisors
1. Detailed current day-to-day information.
2. Information flow is primarily vertical.
3. Communicate mainly with middle managers and workers beneath them.
4. Day-to-day internal information to keep operations running smoothly.
5. Example: monitoring current supplies, current inventory, and production output.

COMPUTER-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Decision Support System (DSS)

DSS are interactive computer-based systems and subsystems intended to help decision makers use communications technologies, data, documents, knowledge and/or models to complete decision process tasks.

A decision support system (DSS) enable managers to get answers for unanticipated  questions. Teams formed to address large problems use group decision support system (GDSS)

So you know guys actually a decision support system consists of the:
 ~User :The user is who has to make decision  (middle-level management)
 ~System software :In essentially the operating system-program designed to    work behind the scenes to handle detailed operating procedures.
 ~Data : Typically stored in a database and consists of two kind:

1. Internal data
2. External data

 ~Decision model : This is give the DSS its analytical capabilities,so there are three basic type:

1. Strategic
2. tactical
3. Operational

Management Information System

Hello everyone…wish u guys are having a pleasant day…

We would like to discuss roughly about management information system. First, it is defined as a computer-based information system that produces standardized reports in summarized structure form.

This report can be categorized into 3.

1. Periodic report for regular intervals {monthly, annually and etc.)

2. Exception report is for unusual events

3. Demand report only if requested.

~TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEM~

Transaction Processing System (TPS) also called Data Processing System (DPS)

• It function to make up a database that records the transactions of the company.
• It also used to support Management Information System (MIS), Decision Support System (DSS) and Executive Support System (ESS)
• One of the most important for every organization is in the area of accounting

This is description for TPS

Now we want tell you these six activities used TPS:-

1) Sales order processing- it records the customer request for the company's products or services

sales order processing overview

2) Account receivable-records money received from or owed by customer

3) Inventory  control system-records of number of each kind of part or finished good in the warehouse

flow of Inventory management system

4) Account payable-refers to money the company owes its suppliers for materials and services it has received

5) Payroll-concerned with calculating employee paychecks.

6) General ledger-keep track of all summaries of all foregoing transaction.it can produce income statement and balance sheet

Example of balance sheet

Example of income statement